With the development of the rural economy and the rapid transfer of labor, agricultural machinery is playing an increasingly prominent role in agricultural production, especially grain production. Its development is an important sign of modern agricultural progress and an important reflection of the level of agricultural productivity.

However, for this agricultural machinery to play an important role in agricultural production, one key mechanical component is indispensable: the diesel engine. The diesel engine is the main supporting power source for agricultural machinery such as tractors, agricultural transport vehicles, and harvesting machinery. For agricultural machinery, the diesel engine is as important as the heart is to the human body. Its quality directly affects the normal use of agricultural machinery and agricultural production work. Therefore, a good diesel engine plays a crucial role.

At present, there are many brands of agricultural diesel engines, but their quality varies greatly, and the qualification rate is not high, making it difficult for users to choose when purchasing. Therefore, it is very important to select a diesel engine that is both high in quality and suitable for the agricultural machinery being used.

1. The product manufacturer should have obtained a production license and an agricultural machinery product promotion license issued by the Ministry of Agriculture. Each product should bear the marks and certificate numbers of these two certificates.

2. The appearance should be attractive and clean, with uniform and glossy color. The surface should be free of scuffs, deformation, or missing parts; the baked paint should have no defects such as missed paint, runs, peeling, or scratches; castings should be smooth and free of burrs, sand holes, or cracks; connecting bolts should be tightened, and the layout of each component should be reasonable. Exposed rotating parts that present an entanglement hazard, such as the flywheel and starting claw, as well as high-temperature components such as the exhaust pipe and radiator, should be fitted with protective devices.

3. On-board tools and spare parts should be complete. The warranty repair card and its contents should comply with national standards. The operation and maintenance manual should be detailed. The product certificate or instruction manual should indicate the product standard code implemented for the product.

4. A new engine should turn over easily by hand, without abnormal noise, and should start smoothly on the first attempt. After starting, it should run steadily, with flexible and normal speed regulation, a crisp sound, and no unusual noise. The exhaust should be smokeless or only slightly smoky. After starting, the oil pressure indicator should rise immediately; when pressed down by hand and then released, it should rise again quickly. The complete engine should show no oil, water, or air leakage, and the oil-water switch and throttle control should operate flexibly and reliably.

5. Good power performance. The maximum output power should match the rated power on the product nameplate, with a deviation not exceeding 5%. If it is too low, the power will be seriously insufficient; if it is too high, it will cause the diesel engine to run overloaded, shorten the service life of the machine, and also cause noise, exhaust smoke, and fuel consumption to exceed limits, seriously polluting the environment.

In addition, since the diesel engine is the main power source of agricultural machinery, its working performance directly affects the economic performance and power performance of agricultural equipment. Therefore, daily maintenance during use is very important.

1. Check the tightening condition of the diesel engine frame screws and all connected parts. If unstable vibration of the diesel engine is found, pay special attention to the tightening condition of the engine mounting pads and fastening bolts.

2. Check the amount of cooling water, and add clean rainwater or river water if insufficient. Do not open the radiator cap directly when the diesel engine is hot, to avoid burns from escaping hot steam. Do not use well water or spring water as cooling water. If the cooling water has boiled dry and caused overheating, wait until the diesel engine cools down before adding cooling water. Check the tension of the fan belt, with a deflection of 10-15 mm under thumb pressure being appropriate. Check the radiator, water pump, water pipes, and other locations for water leakage.

3. Check the engine oil level and oil quality, and replenish it if insufficient. If deterioration is severe, the engine oil should be replaced. When checking the oil level, the tractor should be parked on level ground, and after shutdown you should wait five minutes before checking. Also inspect the oil pan, covers, and other locations for oil leakage.

4. Check after operation. Observe whether the exhaust smoke color is normal. Normal exhaust smoke is colorless or light gray. Blue smoke is caused by burning engine oil, black smoke is caused by incomplete diesel combustion, light white smoke is caused by water participating in combustion, and dense white smoke is caused by unburned diesel being discharged. The diesel engine must run smoothly. If the diesel engine vibrates or the speed is abnormal, the fault should be eliminated in time. Test the throttle to determine the operating condition of the diesel engine. Pay attention to the engine working temperature, as both overheating and overcooling are unfavorable to normal diesel engine operation.

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